Saturday, February 27, 2010

Using ssh forced-command with rsync for backups

I want to use ssh forced command to limit a backup user to just running rsync. The idea is to allow backups to be deposited without granting full shell access. The trickiest part of the problem is figuring out what command rsync will run on the server. The rsync man page gives a clue with this cryptic statement:
--server and --sender are used internally by rsync, and should never be typed by a user under normal circumstances. Some awareness of these options may be needed in certain scenarios, such as when setting up a login that can only run an rsync command. For instance, the support directory of the rsync distribution has an example script named rrsync (for restricted rsync) that can be used with a restricted ssh login.

As an aside, rrsync is a perl script that parses SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND and provides a way to limit rsync to certain directories. This is not a bad idea, but I always want to run the same command, so it is over-kill.

I found an insight into the --server option, which solved the mystery of what command rsync runs. Just run your regular command with '-v -v -n', and rsync will tell you. Neat!

rsync -rtz -v -v -n /home/mw/src backup@host:/home/backup/
opening connection using: ssh -l backup host rsync --server -vvntrze.iLs . /home/backup/

The actual command I will run uses one less 'v' and ditches the dry-run 'n'. So now my SSH forced command in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys looks like this:

command="rsync --server -vtrze.iLs . /home/backup/",no-pty,no-agent-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding ssh-dss AAAA....

Chuck it in a cron, and we are done.

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

Wow, no comments in 12 years? On the best, easiest method for getting the "actual" rsync command?
Thank you so much for this. I had used forced-commands extensively in years past, but forgot how to do this, used to have a really good url that was almost as simple but time marches on...
And this is better!
I've added this to my personal "how-to diary"